Original title: Create Balance with Scientific Methods, and the Clear Sky will not be Far (My Proposals on Treatment of Fog and Haze

　　 Although it has been spring, smog and dust are still dominating the weather. “It's grey again today.” “When is it blue?” Nowadays, people begin to greet with the weather, instead of the old “Have you eat?” It is visible that the people are looking forward to the blue sky.

　　 Although the contribution rate for sources of fog and haze vary, the author, who has been engaged in environmental biology research for a long time, believes that mine tailing, fly ash, steel slag, cinder and all kinds of smoke and other waste gas, waste water and waste residue long-term unorganized discharge pollution and secondary inorganic aerosols, soil dust, coal burning, automobile exhaust and garbage incineration are the main causes of haze weather, especially PM2.5.

　　 While advocating the development of circular economy with Chinese characteristics, the urgent task of fog and haze treatment is to identify the hazards and provide corresponding solutions. We must make full use of the concept of circular economy and advanced environmental protection new technologies, so that the pollutant discharge enterprises can achieve low-cost, quick and high efficient treatments in combination with production, to achieve the unity of ecology, economy, social benefits, and strive to crack the source of pollution in ten years.

　　 Backfill and solidified afforestation is a deed with three benefits

　　 The author has done a lot of pollution industry surveys and have found that there are a large number of metal tailings in the mining area can not be treated and had to pile up like mountains. Similarly, in steel and thermal power generation enterprises, a lot of fly ash, waste residue can only be pulled to remote mountains and discharge because there is no place to deal with. In their communication with business managers, I found that they are looking forward to finding an environmentally friendly way to treat tailings so that industrial waste will no longer be a source of environmental pollution.

　　 Environmental treatment is a comprehensive project, which must be adapted to local conditions. For the open-air part of mine, tailings should be solidified by backfilling technology to avoid re-raising; meanwhile, afforestation and restoration of ecological environment should be carried out. In this way, there would be no loose soil, no oxidize emissions, and the microclimate and ecological environment afforestation is restored , that is, water vapor and oxygen are created (mainly through afforestation to restore vegetation).

　　 The so-called backfilling method is to carry the piles of tailings and slag back to the abandoned mines for backfilling treatment. For a long time, a variety of abandoned mines, due to the lack of scientific treatment, have been causing ground collapse and threatening people's lives. Although the cost of backfilling is relatively high, the technical difficulty is smaller, and the maneuverability is high. In one hand, it can effectively solve the problem of ground collapse. On the other hand, it has vacated the land, has solved the pollution and has many benefits.

　　 Second, the use of solidification technology transfers the tailings and slag into solids, so that they will no longer weathering or loss. This is a practical and effective environmental protection technology that I have explored. It can remove tailings and waste residue from the atmosphere and soil through wind and rain, and then form solid that will not be lost. The technology is now recognized by polluting companies. If widely used, they believe it can effectively treat the pollution problem of tailings and waste residue for a long time.

　　 In addition, through afforestation, it can improve the ecological environment. Without any doubt, this advice and governance method is a long-term effective way. Foreign experts point out that the economic and ecological value of a tree is: If a tree grows for 50 years, its timber is worth about $300. The ecological value is that it can produce oxygen and protein, reduce air pollution, conserve water and provide habitat for humans, birds and animals.

　　 To treat waste with treat and turn them into treasures

　　 Sulfur dioxide is a colorless and harmful gas. The emission of sulfur dioxide in China ranks firsts in the world. Alkaline industrial solid waste from various industries can be used as sulfur dioxide absorbent, desulphurization by-product can be used as soil amendment, not only used to improve saline-alkali sandy wasteland, but also can be used as cement raw material, so as to get a new way of industrial pollution control and comprehensive utilization of the resources.

　　 At present, the most widely used method in the world is wet limestone-gypsum desulphurization method. The technique uses limestone (lime) to react with sulfur dioxide to produce gypsum with a desulphurization rate of about 90%. But the cost of this technology is high and water consumption is large, In northern and northwest arid areas, it is not realistic. At the same time, the gypsum after desulphurization will be solid and can't be used again and merely occupy a lot of land. In addition, the solid waste of gypsum also causes secondary pollution.

　　 After long research and development of science and technology, the author proposed “sulfur oxide flue gas treatment technology' can achieve low-cost, high-efficiency pollution control needs. The main equipment of the technology, “DS-multiphase reactor”, is to use industrial waste residue as adsorbent to carry out high-efficiency desulfurization, and to make the waste residue which absorbed sulfur dioxide into “soil amendment”, and its main equipment, “DS-multiphase reactor”, is to use industrial waste residue as adsorbent to carry out high-efficiency desulfurization, and to make the waste residue which absorbs sulfur dioxide into ‘soil amendment' (i.e., ‘native fertilizer’). These desulphurization by-products can be used as raw material for cement production transformation of salt-alkali lands.

　　 This environmental protection technology solves three major environmental protection problems.

　　 First of all, the difficulty in sulfur dioxide desulphurization In terms of desulphurization rate, the desulfurization rate of limestone gypsum method is relatively low, but the desulphurization rate of this technology can reach 95%. In the flue gas desulphurization of the sintering machine of Tangshan Delong Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., steel slag (1 kind of metallurgical waste residue) was used as desulphurizer. The qualified desulphurization rate was 100%, the annual desulphurization amount was 6073 tons, and the cost of desulphurization was RMB 4-5 per ton of sinter. At the same time, the removal rate of nitride in desulphurization can be as high as 40%.

　　 Secondly, the difficulty in industrial waste residue treatment. The annual amount of China's industrial wastes is more than 1 billion tons, and it has become a heavy environmental burden. With the passage of time, the industrial wastes are increasing year by year. At present, the desulphurization method used in China can only pile up and leave them as they are, which causes secondary pollution and brings the problem of land use. If this environmental protection technology is popularized, it can make cement and ‘native fertilizer’ and it will be of huge social and economic benefit.

　　 Third, the difficulty of harnessing of saline-alkali soil. There are many kinds of saline-alkali soil in our country, which have been idle for a long time because of the lack of effective technical renovation. If the whole country's industrial waste residue is processed into ‘native fertilizer’, a large amount of saline-alkali soil can be transformed, and more importantly, we now have the technology of fundamentally transforming saline-alkali soil.

　　 China is a large agricultural country. In recent years, farmland has decreased acutely, and the contradiction between population and land, land and development is becoming more and more acute. If the whole country's saline-alkali soil is reformed, it can not only enlarge the land resources and solve the problem of food for tens of millions of people, but also prove that the land under the control of ‘native fertilizer’ can effectively improve the yield and quality of crops.

　　 China's social survival and development of life quality depend on its food security and ecological security. Saline-alkali soil is bound to be an important support for China's food security. China has ninety-nine million hectares of saline-alkali soil, equivalent to one mu per capita in the country. Therefore, using desulphurization by-product as soil amendment to transform saline-alkali soil into “granary” has unlimited potential and broad prospects.

　　 Scientific governance has a long way to go

　　 It should be said that the above-mentioned represent the “scientific route” with Chinese characteristics of the circular economy of fog and haze treatment. The theoretical basis is the balance theory of “dividing 1 into 3, and combining 3 into 1”, that is to say, nature is a balance as a whole, which is nature is an integrity of balance. On the view of large-circulation, pollution shall return to where they came from. Once the nature is abnormal, that is, it is in imbalance and we need to restore the balance. From a philosophical point of view, everything should be looked at from two points, which is that the opposite of contradiction. But with the development of things and the change of conditions, finally there is a body of contradiction, so the process of development and the outcome of things are divided into three.

　　 The author thinks, circular economy idea is a body of three parts. Any industrial production process will produce useful product and 3 wastes, through technological innovation, it can change waste into treasures and create new products, this is a qualitative leap.

　　 With reliable scientific theory guidance and mature technology, the urgent task is to put the theory into practice and the realization of thinking into action.